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The Nitrogen Cycle is naturally a way of beginning a fish tank. Learning what it is, and how to deal with principal periods while the nitrogen cycle, will rule the success of your fish tank aquariums. All new tank aquariums go straight through a process of establishing beneficial bacterial colonies in the aquarium and in the filter media which get rid of waste and thereby assert a wholesome environment. These bacteria convert ammonia --> nitrite -->nitrate. This natural process takes in the middle of 2-8 weeks, depending on the size of the tank.
Nitrogen
The First Stage - Ammonia
Setting Up Freshwater Aquariums - The Nitrogen Cycle
The feces and urine of fish as well as uneaten food are fast broken down into whether ammonium (water pH below 7) or ammonia (water pH above 7). Ammonium is not harmful to fish but ammonia is. In nature, the volume of water per fish is highly high, and waste products become diluted to low concentrations. In the stagnant and dinky quantity of water in fish tank aquariums, however, it can take as dinky as a few hours for ammonia concentrations to reach toxic levels. Once a test kit is able to detect ammonia there is too much! Ammonia burns the gills of the fish and starves the water of oxygen. Fortunately bacteria that are capable of converting wastes to safer by-products begin growing in the tank. This takes time and requires just monitoring and patience.
The Second Stage - Nitrites
In the second stage of the nitrogen cycle, Nitrosomonas bacteria grow which oxidize the ammonia and eliminate it. However, the by-product of ammonia oxidation is nitrite, which is also highly toxic to fish, damaging the central nervous system. Using a test kit, you should be able to see the nitrite levels rise nearby the end of the first or second week.
The Third Stage - Nitrates
In the final stage, Nitrospira bacteria start growing that use nitrite and convert it into nitrate, which is not toxic to fish in low quantities. (Nitrobacter bacteria were previously believed to convert nitrites to nitrates but up-to-date study has shown they are not present in detectable levels in established tank aquariums, while Nitrospira are plentiful.)
Test, Test, Test!
It is important to buy proper test kits to quantum the levels of ammonia, nitrites and nitrates while the cycle. You should test the aquarium water every other day and write down your readings. You will know when the nitrogen cycle has completed by reading the levels of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in the water. When the first two readings hit 0 and the nitrate reading levels are nearby 10, your tank is ready for fish. Be just though, to only add a incorporate at a time, otherwise the readings will start climbing again with the increased bio-load.
Ways to Start the Nitrogen Cycle
Using Fish
The old recipe is to elect a incorporate of small, hardy fish such as Zebra Danios. This is not the adored way to get the nitrogen cycle started because the fish are being exposed to ammonia and nitrites causing them stress and even disease and death. It is important to keep testing the water and carefully observing the fish. If at any time fish show signs of distress such as rapid breathing, clamped fins, erratic swimming or hanging at the surface for air, do an immediate 50% water change. Do not over-feed the fish and do not add more fish until the cycle is completed.
Not Using Fish
The fishless cycle is a very good recipe to start a freshwater aquarium, and involves no possible risk to fish, as they are not used. The production of ammonia can be achieved by dropping fish food into the tank every 12 hours or by leaving a small piece of raw fish in the tank. As whether decomposes it will release ammonia.
Alternatively, the same corollary can be achieved by adding chemical forms of ammonia manually. The water chemistry needs to be monitored intimately in order to add the allowable number of ammonia on a day-to-day basis into the tank. It is recommended to start with 5 drops of ammonia per 10 gallons of aquarium water and then decrease this to 3 drops once you can detect nitrites. If you had to use more drops than 5 to get an ammonia reading, then cut the number of drops in half when you get nitrite readings. Continue this process daily until you get nitrate readings with your test kit. After a 30% water convert the tank should be ready to start slowly adding fish.
Speeding Up the Nitrogen Cycle
To speed along the process of cycling fish tank aquariums some beneficial bacteria colonies can be obtained from an already established and cycled aquarium and placed in the new tank. This can be obtained by putting gravel from an established aquarium into the new tank or filling the new aquarium with water from an established aquarium.
Since the largest bacterial populations are found in the filter, a more effective way is to borrow an extra filter from an established tank and run it in the new tank for a few days, or to place used filter media into the new filter. This will seed the tank with all the principal bacteria for the nitrogen cycle.
More recently, there are products on the shop which some aquarists have found helpful in introducing the beneficial bacteria e.g. Bio-Spira, Colonize, Cycle, Stability and Septo-Bac.
Keep Nitrates Low
Once tropical freshwater aquariums are established, they can still go straight through periods while which the bacterial colonies fluctuate. Established tank aquariums should be tested for nitrates every few months to ensure that levels are not becoming dangerously high. The quickest way to rid fish tank aquariums of nitrates is to perform partial water changes. A 25% weekly water convert is a normal recommendation.
Keep the Good Bacteria Growing!
It is important to note the following guidance so that you continue to cultivate the increase of beneficial bacteria.
Never add chlorinated water directly to tropical freshwater aquariums as the chlorine in tap water will kill the beneficial bacteria right away resulting in an explosion of ammonia and nitrites which mean you will have to start all over again! Allow water to sit in a bucket with an aerator for some time before adding to the aquarium.
Another tasteless qoute is that population over clean their tanks while partial water changes and maintenance. Never rinse the filter media with regular tap water if it becomes clogged. Instead, rinse the filter media in tank water.
Only add new fish one pair at a time to an aquarium as the load from too many fish overwhelms the bacteria colony's quality to handle it. Also do not over-feed fish as the bacteria might not be able to take the extra load of excrement.
If you are treating fish for infection, treat them with antibiotics in a bucket of water. Adding antibiotics to the aquarium kills all the beneficial bacteria.
You Can Do It!
Setting Up Freshwater Aquariums - The Nitrogen Cycle
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